Anti-Breast Cancer Activity of Novel Quinoline Palladacycle Compound

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, highlighting the ongoing need for novel and effective therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of a newly synthesized pyrido[1,2-a] quinoline palladacycle compound, designated 4D, using two distinct breast cancer cell lines: estrogen receptor–positive MCF-7 and triple-negative HCC1937. Cytotoxicity measurements using the MTT assay showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with both cell lines displaying high sensitivity to the compound. Clonogenic survival and growth curve analyses further revealed that 4D significantly impairs long-term proliferation.  Additionally, 4D markedly reduced cell motility, increased the expression of cell cycle–regulatory proteins p53 and p21, and induced hallmark features of apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation and PARP cleavage. Together, these findings demonstrate that compound 4D possesses robust anticancer properties and may serve as a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic strategies against breast cancer.